ElectroMagnet

In this example, we will estimate the rise in temperature due to Joules losses in a stranded conductor. An electrical potential VD is applied to the entry/exit of the conductor which is also water cooled.

1. Running the case

The command line to run this case in linear is

mpirun -np 4 feelpp_toolbox_thermoelectric --case "github:{path:toolboxes/thermoelectric/ElectroMagnets/HL-31_H1}"
sh

The command line to run this case in non linear is

mpirun -np 4 feelpp_toolbox_thermoelectric --case "github:{path:toolboxes/thermoelectric/ElectroMagnets/HL-31_H1}" --case.config-file HL-31_H1_nonlinear.cfg
sh

2. Data files

HL-31_H1 Github directory with:

The mesh can be found on Girder

3. Geometry

The conductor consists in a solenoid, which is one helix of a magnet.

The mesh can be retrieve from girder with the following ID: 5af59e88b0e9574027047fc0 (see girder).

4. Input parameters

Name Description Value Unit

σ0

electric potential at reference temperature

53e3

S/mm

VD

electrical potential

9

V

α

temperature coefficient

3.6e-3

K−1

L

Lorentz number

2.47e-8

W⋅Ω⋅K−2

T0

reference temperature

290

K

h

transfer coefficient

0.085

W⋅m−2⋅K−1

Tw

water temperature

290

K

 
"Parameters":
{
    "sigma0":53e3, //[ S/mm ]
    "T0":290, //[ K ]
    "alpha":3.6e-3, //[ 1/K ]
    "Lorentz":2.47e-8, //[ W*Omega/(K*K) ]
    "h": "0.085", //[ W/(mm^2*K) ]
    "Tw": "290", //[ K ]
    "VD": "9" //[ V ]
},
json

4.1. Model & Toolbox

  • This problem is fully described by a Thermo-Electric model, namely a poisson equation for the electrical potential V and a standard heat equation for the temperature field T with Joules losses as a source term. Due to the dependence of the thermic and electric conductivities to the temperature, the problem is non linear. We can describe the conductivities with the following laws:

σ(T)=σ01+α(T−T0)k(T)=σ(T)∗L∗T 
"k":"sigma0*Lorentz*heat_T/(1+alpha*(heat_T-T0)):sigma0:alpha:T0:Lorentz:heat_T", //[ W/(mm*K) ]
"sigma":"sigma0/(1+alpha*(heat_T-T0))+0*heat_T:sigma0:alpha:T0:heat_T"// [S/mm ]
json

  • toolbox: thermoelectric

4.2. Materials

Name Description Marker Value Unit

σ0

electric conductivity

Cu

53e3

S.m−1

4.3. Boundary conditions

The boundary conditions for the electrical probleme are introduced as simple Dirichlet boundary conditions for the electric potential on the entry/exit of the conductor. For the remaining faces, as no current is flowing througth these faces, we add Homogeneous Neumann conditions.

Marker Type Value

V0

Dirichlet

0

V1

Dirichlet

VD

Rint, Rext, Interface, GR_1_Interface

Neumann

0

 
"electric-potential":
{
    "Dirichlet":
    {
        "V0":
        {
            "expr":"0" // V_0 [ V ]
        },
        "V1":
        {
            "expr":"VD:VD"
        }
    }
}
json

As for the heat equation, the forced water cooling is modeled by robin boundary condition with Tw the temperature of the coolant and h an heat exchange coefficient.

Marker Type Value

Rint, Rext

Robin

h(T−Tw)

V0, V1, Interface, GR_1_Interface

Neumann

0

 
"temperature":
{
    "Robin":
    {
        "Rint":
        {
            "expr1":"h:h",
            "expr2":"Tw:Tw"
        },
        "Rext":
        {
            "expr1":"h:h",
            "expr2":"Tw:Tw"
        }
    },
json

5. Outputs

The main fields of concern are the electric potential V, the temperature T and the current density j or the electric field E presented in the following figure.

"PostProcess":
{
    "use-model-name":1,
    "thermo-electric":
    {
        "Exports":
        {
            "fields":["heat.temperature","electric.electric-potential","electric.electric-field","electric.current-density","heat.pid"]
        }
    }
}
json

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